Original Article. Bariatric Surgery versus Intensive Medical Therapy in Obese Patients with Diabetes. Schauer, M.D., Sangeeta R. Kashyap, M.D., Kathy Wolski. Complications of hypertension - Wikipedia. Complications of hypertension are clinical outcomes that result from persistent elevation of blood pressure. Patients with diastolic heart failure have a preserved ejection fraction, which is a measure of systolic function. Treatment of hypertension convincingly decreases the incidence of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Untreated, hypertensive encephalopathy may progress to stupor, coma, seizures, and death within hours. Yahoo!-ABC News Network . All rights reserved. Cell Transplantation : The Regenerative Medicine Journal Co-Editors-in-Chief: Shinn-Zong Lin & Paul R. Volume 26, 2017. ISSN: 0963-6897; E-ISSN: 1555-3892. Conclusions. Among obese patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, 3 years of intensive medical therapy plus bariatric surgery resulted in glycemic control in. Complications of hypertension are clinical outcomes that result from persistent elevation of blood pressure. Hypertension is a risk factor for all clinical. This stage is seen clinically as a generalized narrowing of the retinal arterioles. Persistently elevated blood pressure leads to intimal thickening, hyperplasia of the media wall, and hyaline degeneration in the subsequent, sclerotic, stage. This stage corresponds to more severe generalized and focal areas of arteriolar narrowing, changes in the arteriolar and venular junctions, and alterations in the arteriolar light reflex (i. These changes are manifested in the retina as microaneurysms, hemorrhages, hard exudates, and cotton- wool spots. Swelling of the optic disk may occur at this time and usually indicates severely elevated blood pressure (i. Because better methods for the control of blood pressure are now available in the general population, malignant hypertension is rarely seen. In contrast, other retinal vascular complications of hypertension, such as macroaneurysms and branch- vein occlusions, are not uncommon in patients with chronically elevated blood pressure. These stages of hypertensive retinopathy however, may not be sequential. Glomerular pathology progresses to glomerulosclerosis. The renal lesion associated with malignant hypertension consists of fibrinoid necrosis of the afferent arterioles. These are also risk factors for renal disease progression and for cardiovascular disease. Data indicate that at least 6. The high blood pressure is gradual at early stages and may take at least 1. Besides diabetes, other factors that may also increase high blood pressure include obesity, insulin resistance and high cholesterol levels. In general, fewer than 2. The presence of high blood pressure in diabetes is associated with a 4 fold increase in death chiefly from heart disease and strokes. Diabetes tends to speed up the process of atherosclerosis. The other fact about diabetes is that it affects both large and small blood vessels in the body. Over time, blood vessels become clogged with fatty depots, become non- compliant and lose their elasticity. The process of atherosclerosis is a lot faster in diabetic individuals whom do not have good control of their blood sugars. The high blood pressure eventually leads to heart failure, strokes, heart attacks, blindness, kidney failure, loss of libido and poor circulation of blood in the legs. When the blood supply to the feet is compromised, the chances of infections and amputations also increases. All diabetics should know that even mild elevations in blood pressure can be detrimental to health. Studies have shown that diabetics with even a slight elevation in blood pressure have 2- 3 times the risk of heart disease compared to individuals without diabetes. Secondly, high blood pressure is a silent disease and thus it is vital for all diabetics to regularly check their blood pressure or have it checked at a doctor's office on a regular basis. The American Diabetes Association recommends that all diabetics get their blood pressure measured by a health care professional at least 2- 5 times a year. These medications not only control blood pressure but also delay or prevent the development of kidney disease in diabetes. Many studies have shown that ACEI should be the drugs of first choice in diabetics with high blood pressure. Sometimes, a combination of medications is used to treat high blood pressure. All diabetics should quit smoking. The combination of diabetes and smoking usually leads to amputations of the toes and feet. Measure your blood sugars regularly, and make sure that they are well balanced as the majority of complications of diabetes can be prevented by ensuring such blood sugars stay within normal limits. 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